Dr. Saadi Yahya, a professor at the University of Duhok, provided an overview of the legal frameworks governing migration under both Iraqi and international law. He emphasized the challenges faced by irregular migrants, particularly those trapped in legal and humanitarian limbo due to restrictive policies enacted by states in response to migrant smuggling.
Dr. Yahya argued that addressing irregular migration cannot rely solely on preventive measures such as strict border controls. Instead, it requires a broader, more comprehensive approach—particularly in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). This includes addressing underlying political tensions, strengthening the private sector, diversifying the economy, and improving coordination with international agencies.
Furthermore, he stressed the importance of enacting specific legislation that criminalizes migrant smuggling, clearly defines related offenses, and ensures that all efforts to combat smuggling adhere to international human rights standards.